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The Republic of Lithuania is the southernmost and largest of the three Baltic states. It is bounded on the north by Latvia, on the east and south by Belarus, on the southwest by an exclave of Russia and by Poland, and on the west by the Baltic Sea. The capital is Vilnius. The area of Lithuania is 25,213 square miles (65,301 square km). The estimated population of Lithuania in 2004 was 3,445,900. The official language is Lithuanian. During the Middle Ages, Lithuania was a large and powerful kingdom, at times able to dominate Russia. Later it became more narrowly bounded and was dominated by Russia. Lithuania became an independent republic in 1918 following World War I. In 1940 Lithuania was annexed by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. On 11 March 1990, Lithuania became the first of the Soviet republics to declare its independence, but Moscow did not recognize this proclamation until September of 1991 (following the abortive coup in Moscow). The last Russian troops withdrew in 1993. Lithuania subsequently restructured its economy for integration into Western European institutions; it joined both NATO and the EU in the spring of 2004. -- The CIA World Factbook: Lithuania
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