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The Republic of Hungary is a landlocked country, bordered by seven other nations of central Europe. The capital is Budapest. The area of Hungary is 35,919 square miles (93,030 square km). The estimated population of Hungary in July, 2004 was 10,032,375. The official language is Hungarian. Hungary was part of the polyglot Austro-Hungarian Empire, which collapsed during World War I. The country fell under Communist rule following World War II. In 1956, a revolt and announced withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact were met with a massive military intervention by Moscow. Under the leadership of Janos KADAR in 1968, Hungary began liberalizing its economy, introducing so-called "goulash Communism." Hungary held its first multiparty elections in 1990 and initiated a free market economy. It joined NATO in 1999 and the EU in 2004. The CIA World Factbook: Hungary
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The New York Times, August 6, 1919, p.3:BUDAPEST AWAKENING FROM RED NIGHTMAREAgoston Says New Cabinet Has Honestly Turned Its Back on Communism.Count Andrassy had a conference today with Hungarian politicians, and expressed his preference for a purely bourgeois government. He said, however, that he recognized the necessity for a coalition ministry which he promised to support, though under no circumstances would he participate in it. The restoration of the country and an effort to move the Peace Conference into changing the peace terms as to boundary lines so as to permit Hungary to retain more of her former territory are among the many problems now facing the new Cabinet which, according to Peter Agoston, the Minister of Foreign Affairs, has honestly turned its back on Communism. It has appointed business men to posts in its membership. Among them, Max Fanyu has been named for the Department of Commerce, and M. Lovassy for the Department of Instruction. The latter has just been released from a Communist prison, where he had been held as a hostage. Less than a coalition government, it is stated, is impossible under the present state of mind of the proletariat. The people, it is asserted, were glad to see the Bela Kun Soviet go, but are uneasy at the prospect of losing all the offices the proletariat once had. They are bitterly resisting disarming, especially since the Rumanians arrived preceded by tales of terrible cruelty. The Communists have disappeared entirely, but is is feared that they are merely laying low and will appear actively if the new government is too reactionary. Captain Gregory, the chief allied food administrator in Central Europe, has come here by automobile from Vienna in order to see the re-establishment of communication and secure coal for the hundreds of locomotives tied up with miles of idle freight and passenger cars. It is desired to set this rolling stock in motion so that food may be moved from the Banat region to Vienna and to enable trade to resume its normal routes. It was stated today that three regiments of troops, Italian, French, and British, respectively, are to be billeted here for the purpose of maintaining order. It was thought, however, that this possibly would be unnecessary. This beautiful city is slowly reawakening. The hotels are being filled rapidly by refugees returning from Vienna and elsewhere. Many of them expressed amazement at the thoroughness with which the Soviet had stripped parts of the city. The Hungaria Hotel, which masqueraded as the Soviet House from three months, and was occupied by a band of persons who lived on the favor of Bela Kun and other leaders, is now housing anti-communists. Many things are difficult to get here. A waiter in the Hungaria Hotel begged the correspondent for a collar. He said he had but one, and it was wearing out rapidly because of its constant use and frequent overnight washings. Along the country roads, when automobiles stopped so the passengers might show the military guards news of the new Government in Vienna and Budapest papers, women, ragged and barefooted, sought to exchange their shoes, which they carried, for meat for their families. In Budapest, in the ante-rooms of Premier Peidll, and in other rooms once luxuriously furnished, callers sit on handsome antique furniture, which, however, is battered, and chairs have arms or legs missing. The negro chauffeur of an American party, after a few hours stay here today, remarked: "This sure is a dead town; I want to go home." |
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